The self-determination theory takes into account the three basic needs: autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Ryan and Deci (2000) argue that in order for students to learn effectively (or to motivate them intrinsically), it is important to consider the three basic needs of students, namely: ā¢ Autonomy: The urge to be the owner of your own learning process. (Note: this does not mean independent of others). Give students sufficient (choice) freedom in learning, but not too much. ā¢ Competence: Trying to control the outcome and experiencing mastery. Make things difficult enough, but not too difficult. Address students just above their own abilities (see also: zone of proximal development). ā¢ Relationship (connectedness): The universal desire for interaction, connection, and the experience of caring for others. Learning is a social process: let students collaborate and engage in modelling.
Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67. http://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Bekkering, H. & Helden, J van der. (2015). De lerende mens. Meppel, Nederland: Boom Uitgevers.